一、施工準備

1、資料準備

（1）開工前應(ying)具備(bei)場地工程(cheng)地質(zhi)資料和必要的水文地質(zhi)資料，樁基工程(cheng)施工圖及圖紙會審(shen)紀要。

（2）場(chang)地和鄰近區域內的(de)地下管線（管道、電纜）、地下構筑物、危險建筑、精(jing)密儀器車間等的(de)調查資料。

（3）主要(yao)施工機械及其配套(tao)設備的技術性(xing)能(neng)資料，所(suo)(suo)需材料的檢驗和配合比試驗，對所(suo)(suo)需的材料必需作材料的物(wu)理性(xing)能(neng)試驗，并委托(tuo)有資歷(li)的試驗室根據所(suo)(suo)用的原(yuan)材料作好混凝(ning)土的配合比試驗。

（4）具有有效的樁基(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計或施(shi)工(gong)方案，有關載(zai)荷、施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝的試驗參考(kao)資料。

2、會審圖紙

作(zuo)好(hao)詳細的安全技(ji)術交(jiao)底，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)前充(chong)分發揚民(min)主，調動職工(gong)的積極(ji)性(xing)、創造性(xing)，使參與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的全體職工(gong)參加對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案的討(tao)論，提高對安全生產(chan)質(zhi)量保證的重(zhong)視，并對各部門進行(xing)考評(ping)。

二(er)、施(shi)工機械與設備

用的測量儀器，如(ru)、經緯儀、水(shui)準儀、鋼卷尺、旋(xuan)挖鉆孔機(ji)(ji)、電焊機(ji)(ji)等(deng)機(ji)(ji)械設備須(xu)有出廠合格(ge)證。

三、中(zhong)小型機具的要求

（1）攪拌機

機體安裝堅(jian)實(shi)平穩、搭有(you)(you)防雨操(cao)作(zuo)棚；各類離(li)合(he)器、制動器、鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)、防護罩必(bi)須安全、可(ke)靠有(you)(you)效；操(cao)作(zuo)手應持證上崗；必(bi)須有(you)(you)良好的(de)單獨接地。

（2）手持(chi)電動工(gong)具

必(bi)須(xu)單(dan)獨安(an)裝漏電保護器；防(fang)護罩安(an)全有(you)效；外殼必(bi)須(xu)有(you)接地或接零；橡皮線不準破損。

（3）電焊機

有(you)可(ke)靠(kao)的防雨措(cuo)施；有(you)良(liang)好的接地或接零(ling)保護(hu)；一、二次(ci)(ci)線接線處應有(you)齊全的防護(hu)罩；二次(ci)(ci)線應使用(yong)線鼻子；配線不許亂搭、亂拉，焊把絕緣良(liang)好；焊工持證上(shang)崗。

（4）氣瓶

各類(lei)氣(qi)瓶有明顯的色標和防震圈，不準在露天(tian)曝曬(shai)；乙炔氣(qi)和氧(yang)氣(qi)瓶距離應大(da)于5m；乙炔氣(qi)瓶在使用時必須(xu)裝回(hui)火防止器(qi)；皮管應用夾頭(tou)緊固；操作人員必須(xu)持證上崗。

四、安裝鉆具

鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具具有一定(ding)的(de)剛度，在鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進中(zhong)或其他操(cao)作時(shi)，不產生移動和搖晃，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具的(de)安裝應符合生產廠家的(de)標準。施工時(shi)可配(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)短(duan)螺旋鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭、回(hui)轉斗，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)心鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)心回(hui)轉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭等各種(zhong)規格的(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭。施工時(shi)，根據不同的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤、地(di)質條(tiao)件按下列(lie)規定(ding)選(xuan)擇(ze)不同的(de)旋挖鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔機的(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭：短(duan)螺旋鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)地(di)下水位(wei)以(yi)上的(de)粘(zhan)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)、粉土(tu)(tu)、填土(tu)(tu)，中(zhong)等密實以(yi)上的(de)砂土(tu)(tu)，風(feng)(feng)化巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)。螺旋回(hui)轉頭，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)泥漿護壁，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)地(di)下水位(wei)以(yi)上的(de)粘(zhan)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)、粉土(tu)(tu)、砂土(tu)(tu)、填土(tu)(tu)、碎(sui)石(shi)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)化巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)心螺旋鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)碎(sui)石(shi)土(tu)(tu)、中(zhong)等硬(ying)度的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)及(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)化巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)心鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)風(feng)(feng)化巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)及(ji)(ji)有裂紋的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭規格由用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶據實際(ji)工程的(de)情況(kuang)選(xuan)購選(xuan)配(pei)。

五、常(chang)用(yong)清(qing)水施工工藝(yi)

鉆孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的旋挖(wa)(wa)鉆進成(cheng)孔(kong)工(gong)藝(yi)：旋挖(wa)(wa)成(cheng)孔(kong)首先是(shi)通過底部(bu)帶有活(huo)門的桶式(shi)鉆頭回轉破碎巖(yan)土，并直(zhi)接將其裝入鉆頭內，然后再由鉆孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)提升裝置和伸縮(suo)式(shi)鉆桿將鉆頭提出孔(kong)外(wai)卸(xie)土，這(zhe)樣循環往復，不(bu)斷地取土卸(xie)土，直(zhi)至(zhi)鉆至(zhi)設(she)計深度。對(dui)(dui)粘結(jie)性(xing)好的巖(yan)土層(ceng)，可采用(yong)干式(shi)或清水鉆進工(gong)藝(yi)，無需泥漿護壁(bi)(bi)。而對(dui)(dui)于松散(san)易坍塌地層(ceng)，或有地下(xia)水分布，孔(kong)壁(bi)(bi)不(bu)穩(wen)定，必(bi)須采用(yong)靜態泥漿護壁(bi)(bi)鉆進工(gong)藝(yi)，向孔(kong)內投入護壁(bi)(bi)泥漿或穩(wen)定液(ye)進行(xing)護壁(bi)(bi)。以下(xia)只對(dui)(dui)旋挖(wa)(wa)干取土成(cheng)孔(kong)法施工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)進行(xing)探討(tao)。

在(zai)成孔(kong)過程中不需泥漿護(hu)壁，而(er)是鉆(zhan)頭(tou)在(zai)慢速(su)旋挖(wa)(wa)過程中自(zi)造的(de)(de)泥漿對孔(kong)壁起到(dao)一定穩定作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)旋挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)進過程中，鉆(zhan)頭(tou)往返于孔(kong)底與地表之間，所形成的(de)(de)孔(kong)壁比(bi)較粗(cu)糙(cao)。旋挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)灌注(zhu)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)樁(zhuang)土(tu)之間的(de)(de)咬合作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)較強，能(neng)較好地反映出混凝土(tu)樁(zhuang)體與黃土(tu)及粉(fen)質粘土(tu)之間的(de)(de)相互作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)效應(ying)。

（2）場(chang)地布置原則

根據設計要求合理布置施工場地，先平整場地、清理雜物、換除軟土、夯打密實。在進行場地整平后，組織有資格的測量放樣人員，將所有樁位放出，釘好十字保護樁，做好測量復核，并記錄放樣數據備案；規劃行車路線時，使便道與鉆孔位置保持一定的距離；以免影響孔壁穩定；施工場地為旱地而且在施工期間地下水位在原地面以下時，將場地平整夯實，清理雜物(wu)；場地位(wei)于(yu)(yu)淺水時，采用筑島(dao)后在頂面(mian)安裝鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔機，筑島(dao)頂面(mian)高出施工(gong)水位(wei)1．0m左(zuo)右(you)；鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔機底(di)盤不(bu)宜直接置于(yu)(yu)不(bu)堅實的填(tian)土上，以免產生不(bu)均勻沉陷；鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔機的安放位(wei)置應考慮鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔施工(gong)中(zhong)孔口出土清運的方便。

（3）樁位放樣

樁位放(fang)(fang)樣(yang)(yang)，按“從整體到局部的(de)原則(ze)”進(jin)行樁基的(de)位置放(fang)(fang)樣(yang)(yang)，進(jin)行鉆孔的(de)標(biao)高放(fang)(fang)樣(yang)(yang)時，應及(ji)時對放(fang)(fang)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)標(biao)高進(jin)行復(fu)核。采用全站儀準確放(fang)(fang)樣(yang)(yang)各樁點的(de)位置，使其誤差在規范要(yao)求(qiu)內(nei)。

（4）鉆孔機就位(wei)

鉆孔機(ji)就位時(shi)，要事先(xian)檢查鉆孔機(ji)的性(xing)能(neng)狀態是(shi)否良好。保(bao)證鉆孔機(ji)工作正常。

（5）埋設鋼護筒

（6）在準確放樣(yang)的前提下埋設(she)護筒(tong)(tong)，埋設(she)護筒(tong)(tong)的方法(fa)和要求，應符(fu)合JTJ041－89（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)《規(gui)(gui)范》）的規(gui)(gui)定。如果(guo)鉆孔是在陸地上進(jin)行的，則(ze)一般采用(yong)挖坑法(fa)，比較簡單(dan)易行。

（7）鋼(gang)護筒(tong)埋設(she)工作是旋挖鉆孔(kong)機施(shi)工的開(kai)端，鋼(gang)護筒(tong)平面位置與垂直(zhi)度(du)應準確，鋼(gang)護筒(tong)周圍和護筒(tong)底腳(jiao)應緊密，不透水。

（8）埋(mai)設(she)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時應(ying)通過定位的(de)(de)(de)控制樁放樣，把鉆孔(kong)(kong)機鉆孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)位置標(biao)于坑(keng)底(di)。再把鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)吊放進坑(keng)內，找出鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)圓心位置，用(yong)十字線在鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)頂(ding)部或底(di)部，然后(hou)移動鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，使(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)心與鉆孔(kong)(kong)機鉆孔(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)心位置重合。同時用(yong)水平尺或垂球(qiu)檢查，使(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)堅直。此后(hou)即在鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)周圍對稱地、均勻地回填(tian)(tian)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)含水量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)土(tu)，要(yao)分層夯實，達到最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)密實度。以(yi)保證其垂直度及防(fang)止泥(ni)漿流失(shi)及位移、掉落，如果護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)底(di)土(tu)層不(bu)是粘(zhan)性土(tu)，應(ying)挖深或換土(tu)，在坑(keng)底(di)回填(tian)(tian)夯實300－500mm厚度的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)土(tu)后(hou)，再安放護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，以(yi)免護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)底(di)口處滲漏塌方，夯填(tian)(tian)時要(yao)防(fang)止鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)偏斜。護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)上口應(ying)綁扎(zha)木方對稱吊緊，防(fang)止下(xia)竄。

（9）鋼護筒的制作及埋設的原(yuan)則

長度4m以內(nei)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)厚4—6mm的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板制(zhi)作(zuo)，長度大(da)于(yu)4m的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)厚6～8mm鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板制(zhi)作(zuo)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)埋(mai)置(zhi)較深(shen)時，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多節鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)連(lian)接(jie)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，連(lian)接(jie)形式采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)，焊(han)接(jie)時保(bao)(bao)證接(jie)頭圓(yuan)順，同時滿(man)足剛(gang)度、強度及(ji)防漏的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)內(nei)徑應(ying)大(da)于(yu)鉆(zhan)頭直(zhi)徑，具體尺寸按設(she)(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)埋(mai)設(she)(she)深(shen)度應(ying)滿(man)足設(she)(she)計及(ji)有(you)關(guan)規范要(yao)求(qiu)。若樁孔(kong)在河(he)流中，應(ying)將鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)埋(mai)置(zhi)至(zhi)較堅(jian)硬密實(shi)的(de)土層(ceng)中深(shen)0．5m以上(shang)；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)頂高(gao)出(chu)施工水位(wei)(wei)或地下水位(wei)(wei)1．5－2．0m，并高(gao)出(chu)施工地面0．3m；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)埋(mai)設(she)(she)前，先準確測量(liang)放(fang)樣，保(bao)(bao)證鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)頂面位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)偏差不大(da)于(yu)5cm，埋(mai)設(she)(she)中保(bao)(bao)證鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)斜度不大(da)于(yu)1％；埋(mai)設(she)(she)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)前，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)較大(da)口徑的(de)鉆(zhan)頭先預鉆(zhan)至(zhi)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)底的(de)標高(gao)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)后，提出(chu)鉆(zhan)斗且用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)斗將鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壓入到預定位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)粗顆粒土回填護(hu)(hu)(hu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)外側周圍，回填密實(shi)。

（10）鉆孔施工

鉆孔(kong)機(ji)成(cheng)孔(kong)一(yi)般為(wei)清水施工(gong)工(gong)藝，無需(xu)泥漿(jiang)護壁；若有地下(xia)(xia)水分布，且孔(kong)壁不穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，可向孔(kong)內(nei)投入護壁泥漿(jiang)或穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)液進行護壁。以下(xia)(xia)是旋挖鉆機(ji)鉆孔(kong)施工(gong)的基本操(cao)作(zuo)：

清水施工時，將鑰匙開關打到電源檔，旋挖鉆機的顯(xian)(xian)示器顯(xian)(xian)示旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆機標記畫(hua)面，按(an)任(ren)意鍵進入工作(zuo)畫(hua)面。先進行(xing)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆機的鉆桅起立桅及調垂，即首先將旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆機移到鉆孔作(zuo)業所(suo)在位(wei)置，旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆機的顯(xian)(xian)示器顯(xian)(xian)示桅桿工作(zuo)畫(hua)面。

從桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)工作(zuo)畫面(mian)中可(ke)(ke)實(shi)時觀(guan)察到(dao)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)x軸(zhou)、Y軸(zhou)方向的(de)(de)偏移。操(cao)作(zuo)旋挖鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)手柄(bing)(bing)將桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)從運(yun)輸狀態(tai)(tai)位(wei)(wei)置起(qi)升到(dao)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)(tai)位(wei)(wei)置，在此過(guo)程中，旋挖鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)采集(ji)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)手柄(bing)(bing)及傾角傳感(gan)器(qi)信號，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)數學運(yun)算，輸出信號驅動(dong)(dong)液壓油缸的(de)(de)比例閥實(shi)現閉環起(qi)立(li)(li)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。實(shi)現桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)平穩同(tong)步起(qi)立(li)(li)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)。同(tong)時采集(ji)限位(wei)(wei)開關信號，對起(qi)立(li)(li)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)程中鉆(zhan)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)左右傾斜(xie)角度進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保護。在鉆(zhan)孔作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)之前需(xu)要(yao)對桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)設(she)置，一般情(qing)況下(xia)，做直孔作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，所以需(xu)要(yao)對桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調垂。調垂可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為手動(dong)(dong)調垂、自動(dong)(dong)調垂兩(liang)種方式。在桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)相對零(ling)位(wei)(wei)±5°范圍內才可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)顯示(shi)器(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)調垂按鈕進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自動(dong)(dong)調垂作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)；而桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)超出相對零(ling)位(wei)(wei)±5°范圍時，只能通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)顯示(shi)器(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)點動(dong)(dong)按鈕或左操(cao)作(zuo)箱上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)手柄(bing)(bing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)手動(dong)(dong)調垂工作(zuo)。在調垂過(guo)程中，操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)顯示(shi)器(qi)的(de)(de)桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)工作(zuo)界面(mian)實(shi)時監測桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置狀態(tai)(tai)，使桅(wei)(wei)(wei)桿(gan)(gan)終達到(dao)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)成孔的(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)置。在施工過(guo)程中，有時也需(xu)要(yao)斜(xie)孔作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)要(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)顯示(shi)器(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)按鈕進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自設(she)定(ding)零(ling)位(wei)(wei)，然后再(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)相同(tong)的(de)(de)調垂操(cao)作(zuo)。

清(qing)水施工(gong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按鈕直接(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)主(zhu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)界面(mian)，然后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)先將鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗著地，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)零(ling)(ling)按鈕進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)清(qing)零(ling)(ling)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，記(ji)錄鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)原始位置(zhi)，此時(shi)，顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)當前位置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)條形柱和數(shu)字，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監測(ce)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)實際工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)位置(zhi)、每次(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)尺(chi)位置(zhi)及孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深位置(zhi)，從而操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。在作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)主(zhu)界面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)三個虛擬(ni)儀表的(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)頭(tou)壓力(li)(li)(li)，加(jia)壓壓力(li)(li)(li)、主(zhu)卷壓力(li)(li)(li)，實時(shi)監測(ce)液壓系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)開孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，以鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)自重并(bing)加(jia)壓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)，一(yi)(yi)次(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)尺(chi)短條形柱顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)當前鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深度，長條形柱動(dong)態顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)位置(zhi)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)此孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)深度。當鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗被旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)擠(ji)壓充(chong)(chong)滿鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)渣后(hou)，將其(qi)提出地表，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)回(hui)轉(zhuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)手(shou)柄使機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轉(zhuan)到棄(qi)(qi)渣車(che)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)，將鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)渣裝入(ru)棄(qi)(qi)渣車(che)，完畢后(hou)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)回(hui)位對正按鈕機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自動(dong)回(hui)到鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)位置(zhi)，或通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)手(shou)動(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)回(hui)轉(zhuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)手(shou)柄使機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)手(shou)動(dong)回(hui)到鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)位置(zhi)。此工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)界面(mian)中的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)位標(biao)識進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)監視(shi)。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)開孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)，以鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)自重并(bing)加(jia)壓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)。當鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗被旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)擠(ji)壓充(chong)(chong)滿鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)渣后(hou)，將其(qi)提出地表，裝入(ru)棄(qi)(qi)渣車(che)，同時(shi)觀察(cha)監視(shi)并(bing)記(ji)錄鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)地質狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況。

（11）地質情況記錄

地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)情況記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)按相應的(de)(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)相關的(de)(de)表(biao)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)；旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)施工時(shi)及(ji)時(shi)填寫《鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)表(biao)》，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)填寫內容為：工作項目，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)速度(du)，及(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)底標(biao)高；《鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)表(biao)》由(you)(you)專人負責填寫，交(jiao)接(jie)班時(shi)應有交(jiao)接(jie)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)；根據旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)速度(du)的(de)(de)變化和土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)取樣(yang)認真做(zuo)好地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)情況記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，繪制孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)樁地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)面圖，每處(chu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)樁必須備有土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)樣(yang)品(pin)盒，在盒內標(biao)明各樣(yang)品(pin)在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)樁所處(chu)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和取樣(yang)時(shi)間(jian)；旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)樁地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)面圖與設計(ji)(ji)不(bu)符時(shi)及(ji)時(shi)報請監理現場確(que)認，由(you)(you)設計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位確(que)定是否進(jin)行變更設計(ji)(ji)；鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)清運孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)口出(chu)渣，避免(mian)妨礙鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施工、污染(ran)環境；鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)達到預(yu)定鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)后，提起鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿，用測(ce)量孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)及(ji)虛土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)（虛土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)等于鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)與孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)差值）。

（12）成孔(kong)檢查

成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)達到設計標高后，對孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)壁、垂直(zhi)度等進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查，不(bu)合格時采(cai)取措施處理(li)。成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)檢(jian)查方法(fa)根據孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑的(de)情況來(lai)定，當鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)為干(gan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時，可(ke)用重(zhong)錘(chui)將孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)的(de)虛土(tu)夯實，采(cai)用直(zhi)接用測繩及測孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器測，若孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)存在地下(xia)水，可(ke)采(cai)用泵(beng)吸反循環(huan)抽(chou)漿(jiang)的(de)方法(fa)清孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，則采(cai)用水下(xia)灌注(zhu)混凝土(tu)施工(gong)的(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)(xing)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)測孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)作，清孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時合理(li)控制泥漿(jiang)的(de)粘度與含砂率(lv)；經質量檢(jian)查合格的(de)樁孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，及時灌注(zhu)混凝土(tu)。

（13）清孔

清(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，保(bao)證(zheng)成(cheng)樁(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的重要(yao)(yao)一環(huan)，通過清(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)確保(bao)樁(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)底(di)沉渣(zha)(zha)厚(hou)度、循(xun)環(huan)液(ye)中含鉆(zhan)渣(zha)(zha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和孔(kong)(kong)(kong)壁泥(ni)垢(gou)等符合(he)樁(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)求，采(cai)用(yong)正(zheng)循(xun)環(huan)回(hui)轉(zhuan)鉆(zhan)進技術的清(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方法(fa)為：樁(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)終孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后，將(jiang)鉆(zhan)具提(ti)高20～50cm，采(cai)用(yong)大泵量(liang)(liang)(liang)泵入性能指(zhi)標(biao)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)求的新(xin)泥(ni)漿，并維持正(zheng)循(xun)環(huan)30min以(yi)上(shang)，直到清(qing)理(li)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)底(di)沉渣(zha)(zha)且(qie)使(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)壁泥(ni)質(zhi)、泥(ni)漿含砂量(liang)(liang)(liang)小于4％為止。工(gong)程(cheng)樁(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)因(yin)有較厚(hou)的松散易坍土(tu)層(ceng)，清(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后不能立即終孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，而在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)下入鋼(gang)筋籠，安裝好(hao)灌漿導管后施(shi)(shi)行二次清(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)作業，以(yi)使(shi)(shi)砼灌注前(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)底(di)沉渣(zha)(zha)厚(hou)度符合(he)要(yao)(yao)求，保(bao)證(zheng)砼成(cheng)柱(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。